H.J.Res. 2: Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
This was a vote to agree to H.J.Res. 2 (115th) in the House. This vote was taken under a House procedure called “suspension of the rules” which is typically used to pass non-controversial bills. Votes under suspension require a 2/3rds majority. A failed vote under suspension can be taken again.
Context
The Republican tax reform law passed in December will likely cause trillion-dollar annual deficits starting in 2019 and beyond. That’s not even a Democratic hypothesis — the projections come from a February report from President Trump’s own Treasury Department.
Republicans on April 12 attempted to prevent that outcome — and, according to the more cynical interpretation, attempted to save face shortly after passing a deficit-expanding law — by passing a balanced budget resolution to amend the Constitution.
What the resolution would have done
H.J. Res. 2, introduced by Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-VA6), proposed a Constitutional amendment that would have required the federal government run a surplus every year. No more deficits, no more adding to the debt.
Under Goodlatte’s proposal, the balanced budget requirement could be waived in a given year by a ⅗ vote in both the House and Senate, if there was a military conflict or emergency. For example, it would have been very difficult to run a surplus in the immediate aftermath of 9/11, given the massive and immediate buildup in military and security spending.
(Notably, the proposal did not make a similar exemption for a financial emergency, as many Democrats would have liked.)
A federal surplus last occurred in 2001. Before a four-year surplus period of 1998–2001, the last year with a federal surplus had been 1960, under President Eisenhower.
The vote
A constitutional amendment resolution needs to pass with ⅔ of each chamber of Congress and then ¾ of the states. Although last week’s vote in the House received more “yes” than “no” votes, it still fell short of the ⅔ required (i.e. 66 percent) with 55 percent supporting.
Interestingly, that’s a lower percentage than the 61 percent who voted in favor the last time the measure received a vote, in 2011 during the GOP’s first year after regaining the House majority.
Six Republicans broke against the measure: Reps. Justin Amash (R-MI3), Andy Biggs (R-AZ5), Carlos Curbelo (R-FL26), Louie Gohmert (R-TX1), Paul Gosar (R-AZ4), and Thomas Massie (R-KY4).
Most of those Republicans are House Liberty Caucus members, a group which urged opposition by warning in a letter that the measure would likely lead to tax increases, especially during recessions. They also cautioned that the ability to waive the measure by a ⅗ vote in the House could render it essentially toothless in practice, especially if political pressure was high.
Seven Democrats voted in favor of the measure: Reps. Jim Cooper (D-TN5), Jim Costa (D-CA16), Henry Cuellar (D-TX28), Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ5), Ron Kind (D-WI3), Collin Peterson (D-MN7), and Kyrsten Sinema (D-AZ9).
These members are among the most conservative House Democrats, who tend to believe more fiscal restraint is necessary in government spending.
The only Democrat to cosponsor it still voted against it
Interestingly, the only Democratic cosponsor of the measure itself, Rep. Peter DeFazio (D-OR4), voted against it when it actually came to a vote, citing likely cuts to entitlement programs and a lack of military spending discipline.
“They [Republicans] just cut revenues by $3 trillion. We’re projecting a deficit of $1 trillion in just two years,” DeFazio said on the House floor. “So something else has got to go, and Speaker Ryan has already talked about what that ‘something else’ is. It’s Medicare, it’s Social Security, and Medicaid.”
“I’ve introduced a balanced budget amendment that makes a little more sense. You can’t have these OCO’s — Overseas Contingency Operations funds — where we shower $50 or $100 billion on the Pentagon and it doesn’t count! It’s creating debt, but it’s ‘off budget.’ Don’t worry about it. Under my amendment, unless you had a declared war [which hasn’t officially occurred since World War II]…you couldn’t have that kind of Overseas Contingency.”
Could this ever pass?
And now the million dollar question: could a balanced budget amendment ever pass?
If it failed this time, it’s hard to imagine a more ideal set of circumstances:
- Public support. About 65 to 70 percent of the public is in favor.
- State support. 49 states currently have balanced budget requirements on a state level, the lone exception being Vermont, which includes essentially every blue state and every swing state. Any constitutional amendment resolution which passes ⅔ of Congress then has to pass ¾ of states. A balanced budget amendment is perhaps the only amendment that ¾ of the states could agree to.
- Republican control. Republicans, the party which primarily supports the amendment, could very possibly never command these margins of congressional majorities ever again. Almost certainly not after the 2018 midterms, in the near term, when they’re projected to lose a solid number of congressional seats.
- Timing. With no emergency of either a military of financial nature currently plaguing the nation, there wasn’t a pressing reason to oppose balance in the contemporary budget, as Democrats believe there was during the Great Recession and Republicans believe there is during times of war.
Could any amendment pass?
The issue wasn’t that Republicans weren’t on board, since 97.4 percent of voting House Republicans voted for it. Even if 100 percent of them had voted in favor, it still wouldn’t have passed.
Rather, the issue was that it needs 66 percent of both the House and Senate to pass, which increasingly seems an impossible barrier. Even after 2016’s wave election, Republicans only controlled 52 percent of the Senate and 55 percent of the House. Similarly, after 2008’s wave election, Democrats controlled 60 percent of the Senate and 59 percent of the House.
In other words, it may be impossible for any one party to control 66 percent of either the House or Senate, let alone both at once. And in this polarized political environment, it would be challenging to get more than a few Congress members to cross party lines on a constitutional amendment.
It has now been 26 years since the last constitutional amendment was ratified. In the wake of the latest balanced budget amendment resolution failure last week, one can’t help but wonder whether any constitutional amendment could ever pass again. As Bill Maher quipped, “These days, you can’t get 70% of people to agree that the sun is hot.”
Vote Outcome
Failed. 2/3 Required. Official record: house.gov.
Caucuses are selected based on a statistical analysis of their relevance to the vote outcome. Caucus membership may not be the latest — we are still working on that. Legislators may be a member of multiple caucuses.
Ideology Vote Chart
Republican - Yea Democrat - Yea Republican - Nay Democrat - Nay
Seat position based on our ideology score.
Cartogram Map
Each hexagon represents one congressional district. Dark shaded hexes are Yea votes.
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Vote Details
The Speaker of the House is not required to vote in “ordinary legislative proceedings, except when such vote would be decisive.” In practice, this means the Speaker of the House rarely votes and only does so when it is politically useful. When the Speaker declines to vote, he or she is simply omitted from the roll call by the House Clerk. (See House Rules, Rule I(7).)
“Aye” and “Yea” mean the same thing, and so do “No” and “Nay”. Congress uses different words in different sorts of votes.
The U.S. Constitution says that bills should be decided on by the “yeas and nays” (Article I, Section 7). Congress takes this literally and uses “yea” and “nay” when voting on the final passage of bills.
All Senate votes use these words. But the House of Representatives uses “Aye” and “No” in other sorts of votes.
Download as CSV
Vote | District | Party | Representative | Score |
Yea | TN 5 th | D | Cooper, Jim | 0.47486744101579265 |
Yea | CA 16 th | D | Costa, Jim | 0.504077673365983 |
Yea | TX 28 th | D | Cuellar, Henry | 0.6052667977899809 |
Yea | NJ 5 th | D | Gottheimer, Josh | 0.5148892332694028 |
Yea | WI 3 rd | D | Kind, Ron | 0.5331945747380052 |
Yea | MN 7 th | D | Peterson, Collin | 0.6599061975649219 |
Yea | AZ 9 th | D | Sinema, Kyrsten | 0.5673281682975805 |
Yea | LA 5 th | R | Abraham, Ralph | 0.855856974756022 |
Yea | AL 4 th | R | Aderholt, Robert | 0.7678812519066485 |
Yea | GA 12 th | R | Allen, Rick | 0.8570366556259514 |
Yea | NV 2 nd | R | Amodei, Mark | 0.8040426518679427 |
Yea | TX 19 th | R | Arrington, Jodey | 0.794128873303482 |
Yea | TX 36 th | R | Babin, Brian | 0.9310168483403579 |
Yea | NE 2 nd | R | Bacon, Don | 0.6690872253507363 |
Yea | IN 3 rd | R | Banks, Jim | 0.7111929875869623 |
Yea | PA 11 th | R | Barletta, Lou | 0.8414063104276013 |
Yea | KY 6 th | R | Barr, Andy | 0.89184247298496 |
Yea | TX 6 th | R | Barton, Joe | 0.7536378906597541 |
Yea | MI 1 st | R | Bergman, Jack | 0.6161255277630655 |
Yea | FL 12 th | R | Bilirakis, Gus | 0.7798607609958561 |
Yea | MI 8 th | R | Bishop, Mike | 0.8327052096041819 |
Yea | UT 1 st | R | Bishop, Rob | 0.8278331834542318 |
Yea | TN 6 th | R | Black, Diane | 0.8831773979398415 |
Yea | TN 7 th | R | Blackburn, Marsha | 0.9502611945211994 |
Yea | IA 1 st | R | Blum, Rod | 0.7552211824721285 |
Yea | IL 12 th | R | Bost, Mike | 0.7232483784767169 |
Yea | TX 8 th | R | Brady, Kevin | 0.7668354051044779 |
Yea | VA 7 th | R | Brat, Dave | 0.8332923098711228 |
Yea | OK 1 st | R | Bridenstine, Jim | 0.8274798431599466 |
Yea | AL 5 th | R | Brooks, Mo | 0.8875612023661059 |
Yea | IN 5 th | R | Brooks, Susan | 0.7656755409182311 |
Yea | FL 16 th | R | Buchanan, Vern | 0.6907664507477119 |
Yea | IN 8 th | R | Bucshon, Larry | 0.8219937349744911 |
Yea | NC 13 th | R | Budd, Ted | 0.6957129522400266 |
Yea | TX 26 th | R | Burgess, Michael | 0.8279147715196493 |
Yea | AL 1 st | R | Byrne, Bradley | 0.8654302481150407 |
Yea | CA 42 nd | R | Calvert, Ken | 0.7823468448072168 |
Yea | GA 1 st | R | Carter, Earl | 0.8353170094533526 |
Yea | TX 31 st | R | Carter, John R. | 0.7903107117699989 |
Yea | OH 1 st | R | Chabot, Steve | 0.88321197815239 |
Yea | WY | R | Cheney, Liz | 0.6059835444045762 |
Yea | CO 6 th | R | Coffman, Mike | 0.7712860738273608 |
Yea | OK 4 th | R | Cole, Tom | 0.8261178303377552 |
Yea | NY 27 th | R | Collins, Chris | 0.8040640629178037 |
Yea | GA 9 th | R | Collins, Doug | 0.8121056699713206 |
Yea | KY 1 st | R | Comer, James | 0.6182489483981783 |
Yea | VA 10 th | R | Comstock, Barbara | 0.6904748160219147 |
Yea | TX 11 th | R | Conaway, Michael | 0.8303683544834854 |
Yea | CA 8 th | R | Cook, Paul | 0.7561577001429572 |
Yea | PA 6 th | R | Costello, Ryan | 0.6308964112835674 |
Yea | ND | R | Cramer, Kevin | 0.9846439281890063 |
Yea | AR 1 st | R | Crawford, Eric | 0.8376727069074608 |
Yea | TX 7 th | R | Culberson, John | 0.8511659372978434 |
Yea | UT 3 rd | R | Curtis, John | 0.5867508695140166 |
Yea | OH 8 th | R | Davidson, Warren | 0.6489896204765467 |
Yea | IL 13 th | R | Davis, Rodney | 0.789654986745232 |
Yea | FL 6 th | R | DeSantis, Ron | 0.8111801491510022 |
Yea | CA 10 th | R | Denham, Jeff | 0.6838460290885308 |
Yea | PA 15 th | R | Dent, Charles | 0.6300182965479403 |
Yea | TN 4 th | R | DesJarlais, Scott | 0.9061640748718705 |
Yea | FL 25 th | R | Diaz-Balart, Mario | 0.654386438718319 |
Yea | NY 11 th | R | Donovan, Daniel | 0.5954322558130607 |
Yea | WI 7 th | R | Duffy, Sean | 0.7630745704570787 |
Yea | SC 3 rd | R | Duncan, Jeff | 1.0 |
Yea | TN 2 nd | R | Duncan, Jimmy | 0.8415067177621408 |
Yea | FL 2 nd | R | Dunn, Neal | 0.6728486311500376 |
Yea | MN 6 th | R | Emmer, Tom | 0.7870483035120954 |
Yea | KS 4 th | R | Estes, Ron | 0.794128873303482 |
Yea | NY 19 th | R | Faso, John | 0.5875827205034586 |
Yea | GA 3 rd | R | Ferguson, Drew | 0.6721372214602784 |
Yea | PA 8 th | R | Fitzpatrick, Brian | 0.59324550256856 |
Yea | TN 3 rd | R | Fleischmann, Chuck | 0.8135197039735258 |
Yea | TX 17 th | R | Flores, Bill | 0.9208869201167657 |
Yea | NE 1 st | R | Fortenberry, Jeff | 0.7451929030201173 |
Yea | NC 5 th | R | Foxx, Virginia | 0.68180438397801 |
Yea | NJ 11 th | R | Frelinghuysen, Rodney | 0.6255222425784025 |
Yea | FL 1 st | R | Gaetz, Matt | 0.7043821140232365 |
Yea | WI 8 th | R | Gallagher, Mike | 0.6544098013014009 |
Yea | VA 5 th | R | Garrett, Thomas | 0.6670354997582613 |
Yea | MT | R | Gianforte, Greg | 0.794128873303482 |
Yea | OH 7 th | R | Gibbs, Bob | 0.8851766602415377 |
Yea | VA 6 th | R | Goodlatte, Bob | 0.8032612882443046 |
Yea | SC 4 th | R | Gowdy, Trey | 0.7269453303935535 |
Yea | TX 12 th | R | Granger, Kay | 0.6987064251251529 |
Yea | LA 6 th | R | Graves, Garret | 0.6622461118594211 |
Yea | MO 6 th | R | Graves, Sam | 0.8037172085745666 |
Yea | GA 14 th | R | Graves, Tom | 0.8104323190856061 |
Yea | VA 9 th | R | Griffith, Morgan | 0.7606270632194381 |
Yea | WI 6 th | R | Grothman, Glenn | 0.8800555299396006 |
Yea | KY 2 nd | R | Guthrie, Brett | 0.8308808024674944 |
Yea | GA 6 th | R | Handel, Karen | 0.794128873303482 |
Yea | MS 3 rd | R | Harper, Gregg | 0.8315332042897035 |
Yea | MD 1 st | R | Harris, Andy | 0.8955534114538176 |
Yea | MO 4 th | R | Hartzler, Vicky | 0.9083796641889869 |
Yea | TX 5 th | R | Hensarling, Jeb | 0.8653806735772378 |
Yea | WA 3 rd | R | Herrera Beutler, Jaime | 0.6715360568883035 |
Yea | GA 10 th | R | Hice, Jody | 0.8634505759310129 |
Yea | LA 3 rd | R | Higgins, Clay | 0.6365711518252246 |
Yea | AR 2 nd | R | Hill, French | 0.7538141632670272 |
Yea | NC 2 nd | R | Holding, George | 0.7808331650918177 |
Yea | IN 9 th | R | Hollingsworth, Trey | 0.6026466228208788 |
Yea | NC 8 th | R | Hudson, Richard | 0.8909559745075635 |
Yea | MI 2 nd | R | Huizenga, Bill | 0.8594254389369452 |
Yea | IL 14 th | R | Hultgren, Randy | 0.8110621215633556 |
Yea | CA 50 th | R | Hunter, Duncan D. | 0.7725493519506934 |
Yea | TX 23 rd | R | Hurd, Will | 0.6463309594362682 |
Yea | CA 49 th | R | Issa, Darrell | 0.6657882546867206 |
Yea | WV 3 rd | R | Jenkins, Evan | 0.6901295768687917 |
Yea | KS 2 nd | R | Jenkins, Lynn | 0.8742401734960493 |
Yea | OH 6 th | R | Johnson, Bill | 0.8849229746219821 |
Yea | LA 4 th | R | Johnson, Mike | 0.6622509902070052 |
Yea | TX 3 rd | R | Johnson, Sam | 0.847796219622453 |
Yea | NC 3 rd | R | Jones, Walter B. | 0.8063442043403778 |
Yea | OH 4 th | R | Jordan, Jim | 0.8018652683225396 |
Yea | OH 14 th | R | Joyce, David | 0.7784411609624209 |
Yea | NY 24 th | R | Katko, John | 0.6066814765619349 |
Yea | PA 3 rd | R | Kelly, Mike | 0.8643551437912823 |
Yea | MS 1 st | R | Kelly, Trent | 0.7339686404681087 |
Yea | NY 2 nd | R | King, Pete | 0.621868715149116 |
Yea | IA 4 th | R | King, Steve | 0.9020635494376729 |
Yea | IL 16 th | R | Kinzinger, Adam | 0.723826558967979 |
Yea | CA 25 th | R | Knight, Steve | 0.6803381269866247 |
Yea | TN 8 th | R | Kustoff, David | 0.6327220241510694 |
Yea | IL 18 th | R | LaHood, Darin | 0.6830750595894345 |
Yea | CA 1 st | R | LaMalfa, Doug | 0.9573570676924076 |
Yea | ID 1 st | R | Labrador, Raúl | 0.7448836799113854 |
Yea | CO 5 th | R | Lamborn, Doug | 0.8820037872138591 |
Yea | NJ 7 th | R | Lance, Leonard | 0.6946748896656205 |
Yea | OH 5 th | R | Latta, Robert | 0.8987120014119938 |
Yea | MN 2 nd | R | Lewis, Jason | 0.5848858304236215 |
Yea | NJ 2 nd | R | LoBiondo, Frank | 0.602478657519855 |
Yea | MO 7 th | R | Long, Billy | 0.885344057796079 |
Yea | GA 11 th | R | Loudermilk, Barry | 0.8029377753361101 |
Yea | UT 4 th | R | Love, Mia | 0.6937269539133007 |
Yea | OK 3 rd | R | Lucas, Frank | 0.772635989650263 |
Yea | MO 3 rd | R | Luetkemeyer, Blaine | 0.8785066169756957 |
Yea | NJ 3 rd | R | MacArthur, Tom | 0.6161351852131595 |
Yea | TX 24 th | R | Marchant, Kenny | 0.9110980205476424 |
Yea | PA 10 th | R | Marino, Tom | 0.7511422663687899 |
Yea | KS 1 st | R | Marshall, Roger | 0.6976547386045246 |
Yea | FL 18 th | R | Mast, Brian | 0.5858176769230519 |
Yea | CA 23 rd | R | McCarthy, Kevin | 0.5275257044073847 |
Yea | TX 10 th | R | McCaul, Michael | 0.8153510984226577 |
Yea | CA 4 th | R | McClintock, Tom | 0.8630629664173355 |
Yea | NC 10 th | R | McHenry, Patrick | 0.7274219718135848 |
Yea | WV 1 st | R | McKinley, David | 0.7950227494762926 |
Yea | WA 5 th | R | McMorris Rodgers, Cathy | 0.7194597129363479 |
Yea | AZ 2 nd | R | McSally, Martha | 0.6887816374831786 |
Yea | NC 11 th | R | Meadows, Mark | 0.934212086776392 |
Yea | PA 7 th | R | Meehan, Patrick | 0.6755935220388728 |
Yea | IN 6 th | R | Messer, Luke | 0.902471152284251 |
Yea | MI 10 th | R | Mitchell, Paul | 0.6774741305212113 |
Yea | MI 4 th | R | Moolenaar, John | 0.7384843115758494 |
Yea | WV 2 nd | R | Mooney, Alexander | 0.7986589439143982 |
Yea | OK 2 nd | R | Mullin, Markwayne | 0.8305009447701376 |
Yea | WA 4 th | R | Newhouse, Dan | 0.7896027828032773 |
Yea | SD | R | Noem, Kristi | 0.8213104947801954 |
Yea | SC 5 th | R | Norman, Ralph | 0.7544549526065897 |
Yea | CA 22 nd | R | Nunes, Devin | 0.7223522550672566 |
Yea | TX 22 nd | R | Olson, Pete | 0.9841688139218938 |
Yea | MS 4 th | R | Palazzo, Steven | 0.8945774386607867 |
Yea | AL 6 th | R | Palmer, Gary | 0.7022427901090951 |
Yea | MN 3 rd | R | Paulsen, Erik | 0.736856330491871 |
Yea | NM 2 nd | R | Pearce, Steve | 0.9090489454604411 |
Yea | PA 4 th | R | Perry, Scott | 0.8367699883427041 |
Yea | NC 9 th | R | Pittenger, Robert | 0.9253250056226298 |
Yea | TX 2 nd | R | Poe, Ted | 0.8284889949267222 |
Yea | ME 2 nd | R | Poliquin, Bruce | 0.7175956121427263 |
Yea | FL 8 th | R | Posey, Bill | 0.8737366141040334 |
Yea | TX 4 th | R | Ratcliffe, John | 0.8005832051330071 |
Yea | NY 23 rd | R | Reed, Tom | 0.6865418443349752 |
Yea | WA 8 th | R | Reichert, David | 0.6280075445033516 |
Yea | OH 16 th | R | Renacci, James | 0.8137828703669964 |
Yea | AL 2 nd | R | Roby, Martha | 0.7548157163418622 |
Yea | TN 1 st | R | Roe, Phil | 0.973054020611422 |
Yea | KY 5 th | R | Rogers, Hal | 0.6638625829372049 |
Yea | AL 3 rd | R | Rogers, Mike | 0.789500433607361 |
Yea | CA 48 th | R | Rohrabacher, Dana | 0.7000621940284638 |
Yea | IN 4 th | R | Rokita, Todd | 0.9650116711595357 |
Yea | FL 19 th | R | Rooney, Francis | 0.6635284548698496 |
Yea | FL 17 th | R | Rooney, Thomas | 0.759558011276886 |
Yea | FL 27 th | R | Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana | 0.5621810422259258 |
Yea | IL 6 th | R | Roskam, Peter | 0.7436428031635205 |
Yea | FL 15 th | R | Ross, Dennis | 0.8438728254566822 |
Yea | PA 12 th | R | Rothfus, Keith | 0.8424620227789541 |
Yea | NC 7 th | R | Rouzer, David | 0.8947125362441296 |
Yea | CA 39 th | R | Royce, Ed | 0.6568996958384423 |
Yea | OK 5 th | R | Russell, Steve | 0.7021289805594078 |
Yea | FL 4 th | R | Rutherford, John | 0.6235395328613909 |
Yea | SC 1 st | R | Sanford, Mark | 0.6932005896243397 |
Yea | LA 1 st | R | Scalise, Steve | 0.7354530658998666 |
Yea | AZ 6 th | R | Schweikert, David | 0.8563575982759841 |
Yea | GA 8 th | R | Scott, Austin | 0.8981058619546133 |
Yea | WI 5 th | R | Sensenbrenner, James | 0.7960851238409654 |
Yea | TX 32 nd | R | Sessions, Pete | 0.9929263401312708 |
Yea | IL 15 th | R | Shimkus, John | 0.7436096129040258 |
Yea | PA 9 th | R | Shuster, Bill | 0.7266124277545254 |
Yea | NE 3 rd | R | Smith, Adrian | 0.7487555795072871 |
Yea | NJ 4 th | R | Smith, Chris | 0.6687743349141072 |
Yea | MO 8 th | R | Smith, Jason | 0.8501070699377427 |
Yea | TX 21 st | R | Smith, Lamar | 0.9010221325208727 |
Yea | PA 16 th | R | Smucker, Lloyd | 0.6525310028287222 |
Yea | NY 21 st | R | Stefanik, Elise | 0.6670575725886118 |
Yea | UT 2 nd | R | Stewart, Chris | 0.8501904452775845 |
Yea | OH 15 th | R | Stivers, Steve | 0.8520578206149897 |
Yea | VA 2 nd | R | Taylor, Scott | 0.5612170984440698 |
Yea | NY 22 nd | R | Tenney, Claudia | 0.638221498917297 |
Yea | PA 5 th | R | Thompson, Glenn | 0.8145657223603296 |
Yea | TX 13 th | R | Thornberry, Mac | 0.7138314764675527 |
Yea | MI 11 th | R | Trott, Dave | 0.7016990147433549 |
Yea | OH 10 th | R | Turner, Michael | 0.731279912757188 |
Yea | MI 6 th | R | Upton, Fred | 0.6464333103735311 |
Yea | CA 21 st | R | Valadao, David | 0.7670535685718973 |
Yea | MO 2 nd | R | Wagner, Ann | 0.8424974202749828 |
Yea | MI 7 th | R | Walberg, Tim | 0.8920430358700049 |
Yea | OR 2 nd | R | Walden, Greg | 0.6877668023345672 |
Yea | NC 6 th | R | Walker, Mark | 0.7468384115232932 |
Yea | IN 2 nd | R | Walorski, Jackie | 0.8230609325415258 |
Yea | CA 45 th | R | Walters, Mimi | 0.6791744951163337 |
Yea | TX 14 th | R | Weber, Randy | 0.9229927257359607 |
Yea | FL 11 th | R | Webster, Daniel | 0.7811889239072701 |
Yea | OH 2 nd | R | Wenstrup, Brad | 0.8257486542081274 |
Yea | AR 4 th | R | Westerman, Bruce | 0.8278433731467982 |
Yea | TX 25 th | R | Williams, Roger | 0.8518130203449917 |
Yea | SC 2 nd | R | Wilson, Joe | 0.8935128795502556 |
Yea | VA 1 st | R | Wittman, Robert | 0.8227229507156151 |
Yea | AR 3 rd | R | Womack, Steve | 0.8007136367860198 |
Yea | GA 7 th | R | Woodall, Rob | 0.6828330086079383 |
Yea | KS 3 rd | R | Yoder, Kevin | 0.7834945738865167 |
Yea | FL 3 rd | R | Yoho, Ted | 0.9088679899906766 |
Yea | IA 3 rd | R | Young, David | 0.7596668887803879 |
Yea | AK | R | Young, Don | 0.722493008827191 |
Yea | NY 1 st | R | Zeldin, Lee | 0.6923298951512034 |
Nay | NC 12 th | D | Adams, Alma | 0.30260548173967394 |
Nay | CA 31 st | D | Aguilar, Pete | 0.33996899497116995 |
Nay | CA 44 th | D | Barragán, Nanette | 0.27356207668090177 |
Nay | CA 37 th | D | Bass, Karen | 0.23553158645370478 |
Nay | OH 3 rd | D | Beatty, Joyce | 0.33658695683787215 |
Nay | CA 7 th | D | Bera, Ami | 0.4404496943549505 |
Nay | VA 8 th | D | Beyer, Donald | 0.28434853265707627 |
Nay | OR 3 rd | D | Blumenauer, Earl | 0.2364760599173448 |
Nay | DE | D | Blunt Rochester, Lisa | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | OR 1 st | D | Bonamici, Suzanne | 0.2566418463953525 |
Nay | PA 13 th | D | Boyle, Brendan | 0.3612857355043937 |
Nay | PA 1 st | D | Brady, Robert | 0.37859756480060003 |
Nay | MD 4 th | D | Brown, Anthony | 0.35424782508535557 |
Nay | CA 26 th | D | Brownley, Julia | 0.31305797272737357 |
Nay | IL 17 th | D | Bustos, Cheri | 0.4189108520065516 |
Nay | NC 1 st | D | Butterfield, G.K. | 0.33427345191955743 |
Nay | MA 7 th | D | Capuano, Michael | 0.27402690046098194 |
Nay | CA 24 th | D | Carbajal, Salud | 0.3402180651412155 |
Nay | IN 7 th | D | Carson, André | 0.2373202791870961 |
Nay | PA 17 th | D | Cartwright, Matt | 0.27190694060174575 |
Nay | FL 14 th | D | Castor, Kathy | 0.28997340502960167 |
Nay | TX 20 th | D | Castro, Joaquin | 0.3626762856511322 |
Nay | CA 27 th | D | Chu, Judy | 0.16021438828671963 |
Nay | RI 1 st | D | Cicilline, David | 0.2030607953388317 |
Nay | MA 5 th | D | Clark, Katherine | 0.2282069782279255 |
Nay | NY 9 th | D | Clarke, Yvette | 0.11760905678563943 |
Nay | MO 1 st | D | Clay, Lacy | 0.29212842694506375 |
Nay | MO 5 th | D | Cleaver, Emanuel | 0.3616952834225266 |
Nay | SC 6 th | D | Clyburn, Jim | 0.34515694916649947 |
Nay | TN 9 th | D | Cohen, Steve | 0.17300175949259142 |
Nay | VA 11 th | D | Connolly, Gerald | 0.32690604487113906 |
Nay | CA 46 th | D | Correa, Luis | 0.416669157722963 |
Nay | CT 2 nd | D | Courtney, Joe | 0.38623648443681313 |
Nay | FL 13 th | D | Crist, Charlie | 0.3802832259676551 |
Nay | NY 14 th | D | Crowley, Joe | 0.298715952336208 |
Nay | CA 29 th | D | Cárdenas, Tony | 0.30076808379837 |
Nay | IL 7 th | D | Davis, Danny | 0.2664469015032003 |
Nay | CA 53 rd | D | Davis, Susan | 0.28610939137386876 |
Nay | OR 4 th | D | DeFazio, Peter | 0.3471999238026032 |
Nay | CO 1 st | D | DeGette, Diana | 0.33265175814792186 |
Nay | CT 3 rd | D | DeLauro, Rosa | 0.21069038626421618 |
Nay | CA 11 th | D | DeSaulnier, Mark | 0.20388316196323006 |
Nay | WA 1 st | D | DelBene, Suzan | 0.3621515947313965 |
Nay | MD 6 th | D | Delaney, John K. | 0.42763436597357046 |
Nay | FL 10 th | D | Demings, Val | 0.36628712685595427 |
Nay | FL 22 nd | D | Deutch, Ted | 0.3082599780076811 |
Nay | MI 12 th | D | Dingell, Debbie | 0.2836282040704873 |
Nay | TX 35 th | D | Doggett, Lloyd | 0.32729609198813286 |
Nay | PA 14 th | D | Doyle, Michael | 0.3799700098855915 |
Nay | MN 5 th | D | Ellison, Keith | 0.1013203659039833 |
Nay | NY 16 th | D | Engel, Eliot | 0.29501365088541903 |
Nay | CA 18 th | D | Eshoo, Anna | 0.29582355229033136 |
Nay | NY 13 th | D | Espaillat, Adriano | 0.28371225999614236 |
Nay | CT 5 th | D | Esty, Elizabeth | 0.3534980601635681 |
Nay | PA 2 nd | D | Evans, Dwight | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | IL 11 th | D | Foster, Bill | 0.3502729809687002 |
Nay | OH 11 th | D | Fudge, Marcia | 0.273154625359436 |
Nay | HI 2 nd | D | Gabbard, Tulsi | 0.3843435653341845 |
Nay | AZ 7 th | D | Gallego, Ruben | 0.29578925773152354 |
Nay | CA 3 rd | D | Garamendi, John | 0.2947546918722868 |
Nay | CA 34 th | D | Gomez, Jimmy | 0.3632283905214064 |
Nay | TX 15 th | D | Gonzalez, Vicente | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | TX 9 th | D | Green, Al | 0.2582958605634312 |
Nay | TX 29 th | D | Green, Gene | 0.45550167573167144 |
Nay | AZ 3 rd | D | Grijalva, Raúl | 0.016758214284802078 |
Nay | IL 4 th | D | Gutiérrez, Luis | 0.16867506495132104 |
Nay | HI 1 st | D | Hanabusa, Colleen | 0.32608667679909753 |
Nay | FL 20 th | D | Hastings, Alcee | 0.15595856153292675 |
Nay | WA 10 th | D | Heck, Denny | 0.36938589160405166 |
Nay | NY 26 th | D | Higgins, Brian | 0.3282030364840475 |
Nay | CT 4 th | D | Himes, Jim | 0.35946014950689575 |
Nay | MD 5 th | D | Hoyer, Steny | 0.3670297736313559 |
Nay | CA 2 nd | D | Huffman, Jared | 0.21088204449137576 |
Nay | TX 18 th | D | Jackson Lee, Sheila | 0.1482744065082744 |
Nay | WA 7 th | D | Jayapal, Pramila | 0.23197180099489417 |
Nay | NY 8 th | D | Jeffries, Hakeem | 0.24209192326327295 |
Nay | TX 30 th | D | Johnson, Eddie | 0.28509652395034946 |
Nay | GA 4 th | D | Johnson, Hank | 0.2247435072814008 |
Nay | OH 9 th | D | Kaptur, Marcy | 0.27176102313564193 |
Nay | MA 9 th | D | Keating, William R. | 0.30816777494860514 |
Nay | IL 2 nd | D | Kelly, Robin | 0.2644429816207427 |
Nay | MA 4 th | D | Kennedy, Joseph P. | 0.3257149266156062 |
Nay | CA 17 th | D | Khanna, Ro | 0.264389618443314 |
Nay | NV 4 th | D | Kihuen, Ruben | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | MI 5 th | D | Kildee, Daniel | 0.3280475655188996 |
Nay | WA 6 th | D | Kilmer, Derek | 0.4120254695900889 |
Nay | IL 8 th | D | Krishnamoorthi, Raja | 0.3866613162999062 |
Nay | NH 2 nd | D | Kuster, Ann | 0.38594718652327187 |
Nay | RI 2 nd | D | Langevin, Jim | 0.28354920965614167 |
Nay | WA 2 nd | D | Larsen, Rick | 0.30455649298720444 |
Nay | CT 1 st | D | Larson, John | 0.3808677586559991 |
Nay | MI 14 th | D | Lawrence, Brenda | 0.28032683141842013 |
Nay | FL 5 th | D | Lawson, Al | 0.3797812884585114 |
Nay | CA 13 th | D | Lee, Barbara | 0.007259294165460806 |
Nay | MI 9 th | D | Levin, Sander | 0.2783168276981514 |
Nay | GA 5 th | D | Lewis, John R. | 0.19856615698483354 |
Nay | CA 33 rd | D | Lieu, Ted | 0.2631852673721187 |
Nay | IL 3 rd | D | Lipinski, Daniel | 0.49196503804438363 |
Nay | IA 2 nd | D | Loebsack, David | 0.44511621769710485 |
Nay | CA 19 th | D | Lofgren, Zoe | 0.21216179876938762 |
Nay | CA 47 th | D | Lowenthal, Alan | 0.19946946238281116 |
Nay | NY 17 th | D | Lowey, Nita | 0.3007516613678486 |
Nay | NM 1 st | D | Lujan Grisham, Michelle | 0.30070330647478966 |
Nay | NM 3 rd | D | Luján, Ben | 0.35542706751436787 |
Nay | MA 8 th | D | Lynch, Stephen | 0.3128283996592946 |
Nay | NY 12 th | D | Maloney, Carolyn | 0.2434767499150607 |
Nay | NY 18 th | D | Maloney, Sean | 0.3288261923189334 |
Nay | CA 6 th | D | Matsui, Doris | 0.2960795562679165 |
Nay | MN 4 th | D | McCollum, Betty | 0.2038915478002947 |
Nay | VA 4 th | D | McEachin, Donald | 0.3514218314552699 |
Nay | MA 2 nd | D | McGovern, Jim | 0.11140940200113666 |
Nay | CA 9 th | D | McNerney, Jerry | 0.26026090644660155 |
Nay | NY 5 th | D | Meeks, Gregory | 0.21983705681312293 |
Nay | NY 6 th | D | Meng, Grace | 0.2662707514395904 |
Nay | MA 6 th | D | Moulton, Seth | 0.36043003890963216 |
Nay | FL 7 th | D | Murphy, Stephanie | 0.4595921010577839 |
Nay | NY 10 th | D | Nadler, Jerrold | 0.16526135102948317 |
Nay | CA 32 nd | D | Napolitano, Grace | 0.20641280701539447 |
Nay | MA 1 st | D | Neal, Richard | 0.4475427582190619 |
Nay | MN 8 th | D | Nolan, Richard | 0.3766349666208063 |
Nay | NJ 1 st | D | Norcross, Donald | 0.35530755220786764 |
Nay | AZ 1 st | D | O’Halleran, Tom | 0.4786339898952032 |
Nay | TX 16 th | D | O’Rourke, Beto | 0.341765289146586 |
Nay | NJ 6 th | D | Pallone, Frank | 0.26103038695454306 |
Nay | CA 20 th | D | Panetta, Jimmy | 0.38170086145561827 |
Nay | NJ 9 th | D | Pascrell, Bill | 0.3494720317770623 |
Nay | NJ 10 th | D | Payne, Donald | 0.22129557643924178 |
Nay | CA 12 th | D | Pelosi, Nancy | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | CO 7 th | D | Perlmutter, Ed | 0.3742700874871335 |
Nay | CA 52 nd | D | Peters, Scott | 0.3635133836607488 |
Nay | ME 1 st | D | Pingree, Chellie | 0.2719640290096105 |
Nay | WI 2 nd | D | Pocan, Mark | 0.17927273737999544 |
Nay | CO 2 nd | D | Polis, Jared | 0.3251705940170405 |
Nay | NC 4 th | D | Price, David | 0.32451546430199435 |
Nay | IL 5 th | D | Quigley, Mike | 0.27519544853867944 |
Nay | MD 8 th | D | Raskin, Jamie | 0.23596545169262167 |
Nay | NY 4 th | D | Rice, Kathleen | 0.3719350146186852 |
Nay | LA 2 nd | D | Richmond, Cedric | 0.32860212874283007 |
Nay | NV 3 rd | D | Rosen, Jacky | 0.410545891822154 |
Nay | CA 40 th | D | Roybal-Allard, Lucille | 0.2234162204876098 |
Nay | CA 36 th | D | Ruiz, Raul | 0.39758045472363585 |
Nay | MD 2 nd | D | Ruppersberger, A. Dutch | 0.44966866199939487 |
Nay | IL 1 st | D | Rush, Bobby | 0.25182968755100965 |
Nay | OH 13 th | D | Ryan, Tim | 0.3424160504943651 |
Nay | MD 3 rd | D | Sarbanes, John | 0.3174068445289289 |
Nay | IL 9 th | D | Schakowsky, Jan | 0.10583336938288548 |
Nay | CA 28 th | D | Schiff, Adam | 0.27458110560009935 |
Nay | IL 10 th | D | Schneider, Brad | 0.44160751222251127 |
Nay | OR 5 th | D | Schrader, Kurt | 0.5291933641555642 |
Nay | VA 3 rd | D | Scott, Bobby | 0.22582284193721017 |
Nay | NY 15 th | D | Serrano, José | 0.15919940292167528 |
Nay | AL 7 th | D | Sewell, Terri | 0.39785972263192726 |
Nay | CA 30 th | D | Sherman, Brad | 0.40498260735882347 |
Nay | NJ 8 th | D | Sires, Albio | 0.32010968091398734 |
Nay | WA 9 th | D | Smith, Adam | 0.23881370208076047 |
Nay | FL 9 th | D | Soto, Darren | 0.2712307385412115 |
Nay | CA 14 th | D | Speier, Jackie | 0.2505372133415043 |
Nay | NY 3 rd | D | Suozzi, Thomas | 0.4278930039171531 |
Nay | CA 15 th | D | Swalwell, Eric | 0.2886957395467429 |
Nay | CA 38 th | D | Sánchez, Linda | 0.3224930466244652 |
Nay | CA 41 st | D | Takano, Mark | 0.15035528858656344 |
Nay | MS 2 nd | D | Thompson, Bennie | 0.3613790319355683 |
Nay | CA 5 th | D | Thompson, Mike | 0.401876386610969 |
Nay | NV 1 st | D | Titus, Dina | 0.3009318653264177 |
Nay | NY 20 th | D | Tonko, Paul | 0.23436392855951327 |
Nay | CA 35 th | D | Torres, Norma | 0.33665739981803905 |
Nay | MA 3 rd | D | Tsongas, Niki | 0.27794313837727663 |
Nay | CA 51 st | D | Vargas, Juan | 0.2926978172339313 |
Nay | TX 33 rd | D | Veasey, Marc | 0.3238091732030835 |
Nay | TX 34 th | D | Vela, Filemon | 0.40510860623651146 |
Nay | NY 7 th | D | Velázquez, Nydia | 0.21660709809369388 |
Nay | IN 1 st | D | Visclosky, Peter | 0.19637169740281796 |
Nay | FL 23 rd | D | Wasserman Schultz, Debbie | 0.25595084705728083 |
Nay | CA 43 rd | D | Waters, Maxine | 0.2264061028400706 |
Nay | NJ 12 th | D | Watson Coleman, Bonnie | 0.17114372494459776 |
Nay | VT | D | Welch, Peter | 0.3337303974209492 |
Nay | FL 24 th | D | Wilson, Frederica | 0.168205477770944 |
Nay | KY 3 rd | D | Yarmuth, John | 0.2941884011995938 |
Nay | MI 3 rd | R | Amash, Justin | 0.5847703786878518 |
Nay | AZ 5 th | R | Biggs, Andy | 0.7155031220152636 |
Nay | FL 26 th | R | Curbelo, Carlos | 0.6668943339903571 |
Nay | TX 1 st | R | Gohmert, Louie | 0.9280790719104844 |
Nay | AZ 4 th | R | Gosar, Paul | 0.9729069827512071 |
Nay | KY 4 th | R | Massie, Thomas | 0.7233261908471537 |
No Vote | GA 2 nd | D | Bishop, Sanford | 0.44147569759023947 |
No Vote | MD 7 th | D | Cummings, Elijah | 0.20718942679581703 |
No Vote | FL 21 st | D | Frankel, Lois | 0.3334720660136642 |
No Vote | WI 4 th | D | Moore, Gwen | 0.12234842640531586 |
No Vote | GA 13 th | D | Scott, David | 0.4550187480913228 |
No Vote | NH 1 st | D | Shea-Porter, Carol | 0.2755213805111165 |
No Vote | MN 1 st | D | Walz, Timothy | 0.452903694128826 |
No Vote | CO 4 th | R | Buck, Ken | 0.7287754913444309 |
No Vote | SC 7 th | R | Rice, Tom | 0.7750046984665552 |
No Vote | ID 2 nd | R | Simpson, Mike | 0.7069574353601251 |
No Vote | CO 3 rd | R | Tipton, Scott | 0.8374178577388357 |
Statistically Notable Votes
Statistically notable votes are the votes that are most surprising, or least predictable, given how other members of each voter’s party voted and other factors.